• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Capacitive sensor system for a vehicle where the system comprises a signal generator, single signal detector, and a processing device. The sensor system further comprises a grounding antenna adapted to provide a virtual extreme ground for the system and as electrically connected to the signal generator, the grounding antenna being arranged on the vehicle so that it is electrically isolated from the vehicle chassis, has a predetermined size and is located a predetermined distance from ground. The system comprises at least two capacitive sensor elements each defining a detection zone, and said sensor element being arranged galvanically separated from the chassis of the vehicle, and a selector means for engaging said capacitive sensor element according to a predetermined detection scheme depending on a signal. a frequency and an amplitude and to apply it between each connected capacitive sensor element and the extreme virtual earth, and that the signal detector is adapted to detect and determine a measure of the voltage potential between them and generate a measurement signal as the pre-processing device depending thereon. The processing device is adapted to process the measurement signal and to apply the processed measurement signal to a alarm system which is adapted to generate one or more of the alarm signals depending on the processed measurement signal. (Fig. 3)
    公开号:SE1050581A1
    申请号:SE1050581
    申请日:2010-06-07
    公开日:2011-12-08
    发明作者:Peter Sundell；Fredrich Claezon
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    2 monitoring and that they must be integrated with the towing vehicle's monitoring system.
    A known solution to the problem is shown in WO-2008/121041 which relates to a monitoring and communication system for a vehicle, in particular for a long vehicle. Lighting devices, e.g. warning lights and position lights, on the vehicle are equipped with monitoring sensors and communication units for wirelessly communicating output signals from the sensors to a central unit. Each sensor defines a monitoring zone for detecting an object or a movement in the monitoring zone. The sensors can e.g. be ultrasonic sensors, Doppler sensors or radar sensors.
    WO-2008/121041 intends to solve the problem of how the sensors for monitoring a vehicle communicate with each other, especially for long vehicles, and this solution is achieved with a wireless network which can easily be supplemented with additional light units, which are e.g. on trailers. A disadvantage of the solution according to WO-2008/121041 is that it is a relatively expensive solution because components and technology require adaptation of the towing vehicle's monitoring system.
    US-2006/025 0230 relates to a method for operating a monitoring and alarm device for parked vehicles. The device comprises a sensor unit for determining the distance between the vehicle and an approaching object within an active zone, and a reaction device connected to a control unit which is activated when the object approaches the vehicle. The active zone is divided into at least one first, outer subzone and a second, inner subzone.
    The reaction device is activated stepwise with respect to amount, type, intensity, and / or sequence in the first subzone compared to the activation of the reaction device with respect to amount, type, intensity, and / or sequence in the second subzone.
    US-2007/0205775 relates to a device for capacitive position determination of an object with a number of capacitive probes distributed on a surface and intended to determine the position of the object in relation to the surface. According to this device, each probe is connected via coupling capacitances to a voltage source and can be supplied with a supply voltage and that an evaluation device is arranged and connected to the probes for processing the probe signals into an output signal which is a measure of the position of the object. 10 15 20 25 30 A proximity sensor belongs to a group of sensors called proximity sensors that detect objects without touching them. Other proximity sensors are photoelectric and inductive proximity sensors. The capacitive proximity sensor detects objects based on its dielectric nature, and has many uses that utilize this property.
    The main component of a capacitive proximity sensor is a capacitor plate, ie. half of a capacitor.
    A capacitor simply consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. A voltage difference applied to these plates creates an electric field across the dielectric material. This electric field stores the electric charges, and if the energy source is turned off, the electric field will collapse and emit its energy as a voltage that falls asymptotically towards zero from its initial level.
    The capacitor's capacity for storing charges is called capacitance and is measured in Farad, which depends on the area of the capacitor plates, the distance between them, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material. Water has a very high dielectric constant, approx. 80, while air has a low constant, about l. Most materials have constants between these values.
    A capacitive sensor is thus half of a capacitor, ie. a capacitor plate. When an object passes in front of the plate, the object functions both as the second capacitor plate and the dielectric material and the capacitive sensor measures the capacitance formed by this arrangement. Since the object has a dielectric constant that differs from the constant of the air, the object will be detectable, at least at a short distance. A measuring device can then be arranged to measure the change of the capacitance and have predetermined threshold values set, for example, based on the distance between the object and the plate.
    A typical use of capacitive sensors is in the food industry where you want to detect if a container is filled with a food. 10 15 20 25 30 A capacitive proximity sensor can detect an object thanks to the object's ability to be electrically charged. Since even non-conductive materials can become electrically charged, all objects can be detected with this type of sensor.
    Figure 1 schematically shows an example of a capacitive sensor device comprising an oscillator which is applied to a direct voltage and emits an alternating current to a capacitor plate via a current sensor. The capacitor plate can hold a charge because, when a plate has been positively charged, negative charges are attracted to the second plate, which means that even more positive charge can be applied to the first plate. Unless both plates exist and are close to each other, it is very difficult to get one of the plates to carry a large charge.
    The capacitive sensor thus comprises only one of the plates and the alternating current can supply or dissipate current from this plate only if there is another plate in the vicinity which can have an opposite charge. The object to be sensed acts as the second plate. If the object is close enough to that sensor plate to be affected by the charge of this, the object will have an opposite charge and current will be able to be supplied and carried from the sensor plate and can be measured by the current sensor.
    When capacitive sensors are used to detect objects around a vehicle, some of the disadvantages of these sensors are less important, e.g. that they are not directional.
    A practical system has many sensors regularly spread along the outside of the vehicle.
    This means that there is always a sensor close to the object, which means that a relatively limited range is sufficient and that an object can always be located through the sensor, and the position of the sensor, which detects the object.
    Due to the lack of directional sensitivity, the capacitive sensor measures a certain capacitance from objects in the environment that are always present and therefore lack interest. When the sensor is mounted on a vehicle, the sensor detects the vehicle itself and the external ground. Unknown objects are detected as an increase in this background capacitance.
    However, at a distance of one meter, the capacitance change is a number of ten powers lower, and much smaller than the background capacitance. It is necessary to determine this background capacitance so that it can be subtracted from the measurement. 10 15 20 25 30 Since the background capacitance is large in relation to the capacitance of the object, and is also exposed to operation, it is much easier to use the sensor to detect the change in the environment than to detect the absolute presence or absence of an unknown object. The magnitude of the change in background capacitance depends on how stable the environment is.
    In a mode of use that detects change, the sensor is not to be regarded as a presence detector but rather as a detector that detects change of presence.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a sensor system which is simple and inexpensive to install on both trucks and buses and which in particular increases safety by improving the possibility of detecting persons, cyclists and pedestrians in the vicinity of the vehicle.
    Summary of the Invention The above object is achieved by the invention defined by the independent claim.
    Preferred embodiments are defined by the dependent claims.
    The invention thus comprises a capacitive sensor system for a vehicle, the system comprising a signal generator, a signal detector, and a processing device.
    The sensor system further comprises a ground antenna adapted to provide a virtual extreme ground for the system and which is electrically connected to the signal generator and where the ground antenna is arranged on the vehicle so that it is electrically isolated from the vehicle chassis, has a predetermined size and is located a predetermined distance from the ground. .
    The system further comprises at least two capacitive sensor elements each defining a detection zone, and said sensor elements being arranged galvanically separated from the chassis of the vehicle, a selector means for engaging said capacitive sensor elements according to a predetermined detection scheme depending on a control signal applied and is adapted to generate a sensor signal with a frequency and an amplitude and to apply it between each connected capacitive sensor element and the external virtual earth. The signal detector is adapted to detect and determine a measure of the voltage potential between them and generate a measuring signal which is applied to the processing device accordingly. The processing device is adapted to process the measurement signal and to apply the processed measurement signal to a larin system which is adapted to generate one or lar your larna signals depending on the processed measurement signal.
    The capacitive sensor system according to the invention is particularly suitable for detecting whether a road user, cyclist or pedestrian, comes close to the truck or trailer which will contribute to an increased capacitance in relation to the ground. This entails an increased voltage division and thereby a change in the measuring signal for the sensor element which has detected the trajectory.
    Furthermore, the capacitive sensor system makes it possible to detect intrusions into zones that the sensor elements create around the vehicle. The sensor system can, for example, be connected to the vehicle's monitoring system which sounds the alarm with the help of e.g. light, sound or via telematics. With this technology, parts of the vehicle are protected, including any trailer or trailer where sensor elements are mounted.
    Several advantages are achieved with the present invention: The sensor elements can be used to partly determine the position of cyclists / pedestrians, and partly to be used for the headers and the motion alarms in selected zones around the vehicle.
    Warning signals can be adjusted depending on different zones and distances.
    It is a cheap and robust solution and is insensitive to dirt, weather and wind.
    Brief description of the drawing Figure 1 schematically shows an example of a capacitive sensor device.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a truck with a trailer where the present invention has been implemented.
    Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the capacitive sensor system according to the present invention.
    Figure 4 shows a diagram illustrating measurement signals according to the present invention. Figure 5 shows the front of a truck where sensor elements according to the present invention have been arranged.
    Figure 6 is a schematic view of a truck illustrating a number of measurement zones provided in accordance with the present invention.
    Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a truck with a trailer in which the present invention has been implemented. The capacitive sensor system comprises a signal generator, a signal detector and a processing device, together denoted by 1, connected to at least two sensor elements 7, the figure shows three sensor elements, and to a virtual extreme ground 3 via a ground antenna 4. The vehicle chassis word is an arbitrary ground point on the vehicle chassis. In the figure, the capacitive connections of the ground antenna and the sensor elements to the ground surface are indicated by dashed lines.
    The ground antenna 4 is, for example, a plate or cable that is placed close to the ground (the extreme ground).
    According to a preferred embodiment, the ground antenna is adapted to be mounted on the underside of the vehicle and comprises, for example, a metal plate with a flat surface, which is essential, which is mounted horizontally on the underside of the vehicle, for example on the underside of the vehicle's fuel tank. The size of the antenna in this form should be at least about 1 m2 to achieve the desired sensitivity of the system, especially when it is implemented on a truck with a trailer. Other locations on the underside of the vehicle are of course also possible.
    The ground antenna can also comprise a number of electrically interconnected plates. According to a further embodiment, the ground antenna consists of at least part of, or the whole of, the vehicle's fuel tank. A prerequisite is, of course, that part or all of the vehicle tank is isolated from the chassis words. The chassis words have a capacitance for the truck in the order of fl era nF, while the antenna plate has a capacitance to the ground which is in the order of two ten powers less, ie. on the order of 10 pF (0.01 nF).
    The ground antenna has an area of at least 1 m2, and preferably about 1.5 m2. The output signal from the processing unit is a reference value generated by measuring the potential difference AV between the respective sensor element 7 and the external ground 3 and when an object 5 (eg a human) approaches a sensor element, its potential changes.
    By detecting the potential difference and how it changes, it can thus be detected whether an object is in the vicinity of the sensor element. The closer the object is, the greater the potential difference and thus it becomes possible to detect how close, for example, a pedestrian is to the vehicle, or alternatively the degree of intrusion, ie. how close to the vehicle the object is located.
    The processing device then communicates, e.g. via cable or wireless, proximity to the road user or intrusion into the vehicle's monitoring system 6 (or alarm system) which emits a lane depending on the detected situation.
    The invention will now be described with reference to Figure 3 which shows a block diagram of the capacitive sensor system according to the present invention.
    The capacitive sensor system for a vehicle thus has a signal generator, a signal detector, and a processing device. Furthermore, the system comprises a ground antenna adapted to provide a virtual extreme ground for the system and which is electrically connected to the signal generator, where the ground antenna is arranged on the vehicle so that it is electrically isolated from the vehicle chassis, has a predetermined size and is located a predetermined distance from the ground. which is in the range 0.3-0.8 meters. At least two capacitive sensor elements are arranged, each defining a detection zone (zone 1, zone 2, ..., zone n), and that said sensor elements are arranged galvanically separated from the chassis of the vehicle. The capacitances that each sensor element 1-n forms in relation to the external earth are denoted C21, C22, C23 up to and including C2n.
    A selecting device, a multiplexer (MUX) is provided and which is intended to connect said capacitive sensor elements according to a predetermined detection scheme in dependence on a control signal applied to the selecting device. The control signal can, for example, be generated by a superior control system (not shown). The signal generator is adapted to generate a sensor signal with a frequency and an amplitude and to apply this between each connected capacitive sensor element and the external virtual earth.
    The signal detector is further arranged to detect and determine a measure of the voltage potential between each connected sensor element and the external virtual earth and to generate a measuring signal which is applied to the processing device in dependence thereof.
    The processing device is adapted to process the measurement signal and to apply the processed measurement signal to a land system (or monitoring system) which is adapted to generate one or fl your alarm signals depending on the processed measurement signal.
    The signal generator is adapted to generate a sensor signal with a frequency which is preferably in the range 2-20 kHz and which has an amplitude in the range 2-20 V, and more preferably a sensor signal with a frequency of approx. 10 kHz and an amplitude of approx. V. Of course, sensor signals having a frequency and an amplitude outside these values can be used. In order for the measurement to take place with as good a signal / noise ratio as possible, it takes place, according to a preferred embodiment, with so-called frequency hopping technique, ie. the frequency changes according to a certain pattern.
    According to one embodiment, the processing device processes the measurement signal from the respective sensor element by determining the derivative of the change of the measurement signal, and according to another embodiment, the processing device processes the measurement signal by amplifying it and generating an absolute value for the change. Even more complicated processing of the measurement signal can be done, for example the level difference between two different moving average values for the measurement signal can be determined, a slow one which adapts to external circumstances and a fast one which is the measurement signal itself.
    Examples of measurement signals with slow and fast moving averages, respectively, are shown in Figure 4. For the signal with slow moving averages (solid line), the measurement typically takes place with values detected for a few seconds. At fast moving average (dashed line) the measurement takes place during one or a few milliseconds up to 50 ms. In the figure, the difference in amplitude (A) has been indicated by a double arrow, as well as the derivative 10 15 20 25 30 10 for each signal. By comparing the amplitude difference and / or the difference in derivatives at the same time with suitable threshold values, a fast and safe detection is obtained.
    The alarm system is thus adapted to compare the measurement signal, or parameters depending on the measurement signal, e.g. according to the method described above where the amplitude difference and / or the difference in derivatives, from each sensor element with one or fl your threshold levels that are unique to each sensor element, and to generate one or fl your alarm signals depending on this comparison.
    The alarm signal or alarms generated shall be interpreted in general and may, according to one application, alert the driver to the fact that a pedestrian or cyclist is close to the vehicle in a certain position indicated. According to another application, when the sensor system is used as a shell protection, the land signal or alarm signals may mean that an unauthorized person approaches the vehicle that is parked, and that the person approaches from a special direction, which is indicated by a sensor element that monitors that direction.
    The connection of the capacitive sensor elements thus takes place using the selector device which, according to a detection scheme, connects the sensor elements.
    The detection scheme includes time and duration for connection of the respective sensor elements. This is preferably done with a frequency which is in the range 20-100 Hz, i.e. each sensor element is connected in the interval 10-50 ms. One can of course choose a switching frequency which is outside this range depending on which application is relevant within the scope of the present invention, i.e. frequencies lower than 20 Hz and higher than 100 Hz.
    According to a further embodiment, the durations of the switching times of different sensor elements can be different lengths. In addition, some sensor elements can be connected more often, for example sensor elements which are arranged at the front of the vehicle. All this can be changed and set via the detection scheme.
    The capacitive sensor elements must thus be galvanically insulated from the vehicle chassis and can, according to a preferred embodiment, consist of an insulated electrical conductor which is arranged, for example, in loops so that an effective detector surface is formed. If the loops are arranged relatively close to each other, the range of the sensor element becomes longer but the zone which the element comprises becomes narrower compared with a sensor element where the loops are at a longer distance from each other but then have a shorter range for a given number of loops.
    According to another embodiment, one or more of your sensor elements may consist of a vehicle part.
    It can be, for example, parts of the front that are galvanically isolated from the vehicle chassis, all or parts of the bumper, or so-called underrun protection that are mounted along the sides of the vehicle to prevent anyone from falling under the vehicle.
    One or more of the sensor elements are arranged, according to an embodiment, at special parts of the vehicle which are to be protected, for example in connection with the vehicle's tank, batteries, xenon lights, auxiliary lights or parts of the cab.
    Generally, the sensor element consists of an electrically conductive material, for example an ordinary electrical cable or conductive paint, which can for instance be mounted on the inside of plastic parts on the outside of the cab where detection is desired. The ideal shape of the sensor elements is a flat disc of a metal insulated in relation to the vehicle's chassis.
    For all different types of sensor elements described here, they are electrically connected to the signal generator and the signal detector with an insulated cable. Some parts of the cable must be scanned, for example when it passes through parts of the vehicle chassis. In order to obtain the best measurement results regarding the signal-to-noise ratio, the entire cable is preferably cut.
    Figure 6 is a schematic view of a truck illustrating a number of schematically marked measurement zones Z1-Z6 provided by the capacitive sensor system of the present invention.
    Measuring zone Z1 comprises a control area in front of the vehicle and preferably has a range of the order of up to approx. two meters. The measuring zones on the right side of the vehicle, Z2 and ZS, may in some applications be set for detection with higher sensitivity than the zones on the left side of the vehicle. The reason is that the visibility of the driver on the right side of the vehicle is limited, which means that for example when turning right (in cases of right-hand traffic and when the driver is sitting to the left of the vehicle) dangerous traffic situations can occur with pedestrians and cyclists.
    By changing the detection schedule according to the conditions that apply to each individual vehicle, the measurement can be easily adapted to the special requirements that exist, for example regarding increasing the detection sensitivity for certain zones. In Figure 6, six different measurement zones have been illustrated, but there is nothing to prevent increasing the number of zones in order to achieve a higher resolution for the position determination of road users in the vicinity of the vehicle.
    The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments.
    Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents can be used. The above embodiments are, therefore, not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    Capacitive sensor system (1, 4, 6, 7) for a vehicle, the system comprising a signal generator, a signal detector, and a processing device, characterized in that the sensor system comprises a ground antenna (4) adapted to provide a virtual external ground for the system and electrically connected to the signal generator, the grounding antenna being arranged on the vehicle so that it is electrically isolated from the vehicle chassis, has a predetermined size and is located a predetermined distance from the ground, the system further comprises at least two capacitive sensor elements (7) each defining a detection zone , and that said sensor elements are arranged galvanically separated from the chassis of the vehicle, a selecting device intended to connect said capacitive sensor elements according to a predetermined detection scheme depending on a control signal applied to the selecting device, and that the signal generator is adapted to generate a sensor signal with a frequency and an amplitude and to apply this between n each connected capacitive sensor element and the extreme virtual earth, and that the signal detector is adapted to detect and determine a measure of the voltage potential between them and generate a measuring signal which is applied to the processing device accordingly, the processing device being adapted to process the measuring signal and apply it to the processed signal. an alarm system (6) adapted to generate one or more alarm signals depending on the processed measurement signal.
    [2]
    A capacitive sensor system according to claim 1, wherein said detection scheme comprises the time and duration of connection of the respective capacitive sensor element.
    [3]
    Capacitive sensor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the selection device is arranged to connect the sensor elements with a frequency in the range 20-100 Hz, i.e. each sensor element is connected in the interval 10-50 ms.
    [4]
    Capacitive sensor system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the alarm system is adapted to compare the measurement signal from each sensor element with one or fl your threshold levels unique to each sensor element, and to generate one or fl your 10 15 alarm signals depending on this comparison .
    [5]
    Capacitive sensor system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the signal generator is adapted to generate a sensor signal with a frequency in the range 2-20 kHz and an amplitude in the range 2-20 V.
    [6]
    A capacitive sensor system according to claim 5, wherein the signal generator is adapted to generate a sensor signal with a frequency of approx. 10 kHz and an amplitude of approx. 10 V.
    [7]
    A capacitive sensor system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said sensor element consists of an insulated electrical conductor arranged in loops so that an effective detector surface is formed.
    [8]
    Capacitive sensor system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein said sensor element consists of a vehicle part.
    [9]
    Capacitive sensor system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein one or fl your sensor elements are adapted to be arranged in connection with the front of the vehicle.
    [10]
    Capacitive sensor system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein one or fl your sensor elements are adapted to be arranged in connection with the vehicle's tank.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20130041830A|2013-04-25|
    WO2011155893A1|2011-12-15|
    SE538226C2|2016-04-12|
    EP2577868A4|2013-12-04|
    CN102939718A|2013-02-20|
    RU2012157294A|2014-07-20|
    BR112012030047A2|2016-08-09|
    EP2577868A1|2013-04-10|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1050581A|SE538226C2|2010-06-07|2010-06-07|Capacitive sensor system|SE1050581A| SE538226C2|2010-06-07|2010-06-07|Capacitive sensor system|
    PCT/SE2011/050697| WO2011155893A1|2010-06-07|2011-06-07|Capacitive sensor system|
    RU2012157294/08A| RU2012157294A|2010-06-07|2011-06-07|CAPACITY SENSOR SYSTEM|
    KR1020127033735A| KR20130041830A|2010-06-07|2011-06-07|Capacitive sensor system|
    EP11792746.7A| EP2577868A4|2010-06-07|2011-06-07|Capacitive sensor system|
    CN2011800281029A| CN102939718A|2010-06-07|2011-06-07|Capacitive sensor system|
    BR112012030047A| BR112012030047A2|2010-06-07|2011-06-07|capacitive sensor system|
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